Exception Handling in Java

Exception handling is a crucial part of building robust and error-resilient Java applications. It allows developers to manage runtime errors effectively, ensuring the program can handle unexpected situations gracefully without crashing. You can visit the detailed tutorial on Comprehensive Guide to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java — Afzal Badshah, PhD.

This tutorial explores the principles, mechanisms, and strategies for managing runtime errors in Java, accompanied by examples for clarity.

Principles of Exception Handling

The main principles of exception handling are:

1. Separation of Error Handling from Normal Logic: Code for handling exceptions is separated from the code for normal operations, enhancing readability and maintainability.
2. Error Propagation: Exceptions can propagate up the call stack, allowing higher-level code to handle errors when appropriate.
3. Graceful Degradation: Even in the presence of errors, the program continues to function, albeit with reduced capabilities.

Exception Hierarchy in Java

Java’s exception classes are organized in a hierarchy, rooted in the Throwable class:

• Throwable
• Error: Represents…