Introduction to Routing Protocols: OSPF, EIGRP, and RIP

Routing protocols are critical in determining the best paths for data transmission across networks. These protocols are primarily classified into distance-vector and link-state protocols based on their working mechanism. In this tutorial, we will explore Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), and Routing Information Protocol (RIP), with a clear explanation of their types and characteristics. The focus is to make these concepts accessible to BS students. Visit the detailed tutorial here.

Classification of Routing Protocols

Routing protocols ensure data packets travel efficiently across a network. Based on their operational logic, they are divided into:

1. Distance-Vector Protocols:

• These protocols determine the best path based on the distance (usually measured in hops) and direction (vector) to a destination.
• Routers periodically exchange their routing tables with neighbors, updating paths accordingly.
• Examples: RIP, EIGRP (partially).

1. Link-State Protocols:

• These protocols maintain a complete map of the network and use algorithms to compute the shortest path to each destination.